Titanium metallurgy processes:
a comparison
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Kroll Process
Hamr process
Sadoway process
High-Temperature Electrolysis
1 - CHLORINATE
chloride slag, 85-90% Tio2
1 - PURIFY TiO2
1-Roast, HCI leach, Calcine
1 -DISSOLVE
1 - SMELT
2-PURIFY TiCl4
Tio2 + coke + Cl2 TiCl4
3 - KROLL REDUCE
Distil out V, Si Fe chlorides
4 - SPONGE
Distil out V, Si Fe chlorides
5-VACUUM REMELT
Melt 2-3 times. ingot
2-HAMR REDUCE
2-TiO2 + 2 Mg+ XXX+H2 Tio2
3-Leach + DEOX
1 - SMELT
1 - SMELT
1 - SMELT
1 - SMELT
1 - SMELT
2 - XXXXXX
1 - SMELT
3-TAP + CAST
1 - SMELT